Mermonkey at 22:45, 19 December 2007

2007-12-19T22:45:20Z

Mermonkey at 21:59, 19 December 2007

2007-12-19T21:59:53Z

Mermonkey at 07:02, 19 December 2007

2007-12-19T07:02:26Z

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The Dragon's Glassory:

A glossary of glass terms.

a (alpha):

See "Thermal Coeeficient of Expansion."

Acid Etched:

A name registered to a type of Art Glass, made of two layers and two colors of cased glass. Made in the US by Frederick Cader, c 1932.

Acid Etching:

The process of etching glass with hydrofluoric acid or ammonium fluoride, stencils and resist of wax or some greasy substance was developed during the 1870s in American Glass Houses. Decorative designs are made by cutting or eating the glass away.
Acid Polishing:

The use of a hydrofluoric acid bath to polish glass.

A Cordeline:

See Vitro di trina.
Accomac Cut:

1880s to 1890s pattern of popular cut glass.

Acorn:

Pattern of pressed glass with an acorn pattern on the ribbing.

Acute Angles:

Angles that are less than 90 degrees, and can affect seals.

Adams & Company Glass:

A Pittsburgh made pressed glass from 1851, to some forms as late as the 1890s.
Noted patterns were:
Baltimore Pear (Fig till aprox. 1887 or Gypsy)
Daisy and Button (with thumb print)
Hidalgo
Hobnail with Fan
Moon and Star
Thousand Eye
Wildflower

Advertising Ware:

Glass that advertises its maker, the art of a glass, or a line of glass.
Aetna Glass:

See Johnson Glass Works.

Agata Glass:

A glass characterized by its mottle look. The technique drizzled volatile liquids onto the glass before refiring. Clear glass and some Amberina glass used this finishing technique.
Agate Glass:

A glass made at the Pittsburgh, Sandwich factories, and few few other places, it was made from 1850 through 1900s. Blast furnace slag (a form of glass) was mixed with glass to produce of chocolates, caramels, agates and leathers. It was often variegated and with striations of milk glass tints.

Air Ring:

The elongated inclusion of air the encircles a paperweight by the base, often above and below a torsade.

Air Twists:

A stem type from the 18th century. Air is trapped as longitudinal channels, it is drawn out in a process of elongation and twisting the mass of glass.

Alabaster Glass:

Glass made by James Lloyd at the Sandwich Glass Works, considered an fine imitation of alabaster ware..

Alabastron:

Greek
A small flask or bottle for perfumes and oils. Appearance often having flat lips, thin neck, cylindrical bodies, and two small side handles.

Albany Glass:

A noted glass factory in Albany, N.Y., first established in the 1780s.
Production included:
bottles
carboys
jars
window glass

Almond:

Or Pointed Thumb Print.
A pressed glass with hollowed facets likened to a thumb print having pointed facets.

Almorrata:

A Early Spanish glass where vessels have a narrow base and loops to hang, sporting a big central neck and four tapered spouts on the belly.

Alte Schweiss:

Literal for "Old Swiss."
Reference to early enameled, bi-colored, or decorated glass.

Alumnia Hydrate:

Al2 O3
Common crystalline compound used as abrasive and refractories.

Aluminoborosiclicate:

SiO2, Al2O3, CaO and B2O3
A glass that is highly resistant to chemical corrosion.

Amberina:

Also called partially colored glass.
Dates from 1833 and patented in 1883 for the New England Glass Company of East Cambridge, Mass., and made through the 1890s by its successor, the Libbey Glass Company of Ohio. Manufactured also under the name rose amber in New Bedford, Mass.
This blended-color glass is characterized by the lower part of a piece colored a yellowish amber color that merges into a ruby-red color up higher on the work, blending from dark to light. A wide range of table and ornamental wares with diamond designs or swirled ribbing was produced with Amberina glass.

Amber Slag:

Milk white glass having streaks of caf³ au lait and chocolate swirls.

Amelung Glass:

A soda lime glass, non lead glass with smoky or greenish tones that is engraved and cut with Bohemian and German patterns.
John F. Amelung from Bremen, Germany helped start the German Company open a glass house in the United States. at New Bremen, MD.

American Flint Glass Works:

Glass works of the Southwick & Co., in Wheeling, Va., dating from the 1840s. Known for its blown mold and pressed glass, flint and colored glass.
Production included:
blown mold
blown flint
colored glass
pressed glass

American System:

Reference to flask that mold blown, having the slogan "American System." A commemoration over tariffs to prevent British goods dumping in the United States.

Amphoriskos:

Greek
Toiletry flask often with an appearance of inverted pear shape usually tapered to point or button foots.

Angelic Cut:

Cut glass pattern of the 1880s.

Animal Dishes:

Pressed covered glass dishes with animal forms.

Animal Headed Glass:

Pressed glass with lids having shapes of animal heads, or having knobs with animal heads (usually frosted) or full figures.

Animalistic Glass:

Animals charterized in glass.

Anthemion:

Greek, stands for honeysuckle.
Pressed glass pattern having a honeysuckle flower on a stippled background.

Anneal:

The controlled cooling of hot glass to remove stress.

Anneal Cool:

The point where glass has cooled throught the annealing soak termperature to its srain point. It is important that the cooling rate is slow so residual stress does not mature.

Annealer:

The insulated structure for annealing glass.

Annealer Face:

A impression made onto a piece of glass from the annealer surfaces. It can be caused when a piece is placed in the annealer while too hot, or the annealer temperature is set too high.

Annealing:

The process of controlled gradual cooling of an object after a hot-working process, so the the thicker and thinner parts cool at the same rate. The annealing process prevents the development of stresses that damage glass, toughening it. Annealing is done in a oven or Lehr and allows a uniform cooling rate for varying thickness of parts of an object. Done in stages: the anneal soak and anneal cool.

Annealing Chamber or Oven:

See lehr.

Annealing Point:

The temperature of about 35 to 40 degrees F. overt the strain point where internal stress in glass is quickly reduced.

Annealing Range:

The range of temperature for annealing an object. This range varies upon the composition of the object. It exist from above the strain point to the anneal soak temperature.

Annealing Soak:

Stage of cooling that is held constant allowing stress in glass to stabilize.

ANSI:

American National Standards Institute.
The organization that sets safety standards for industrial equipment.
The organization that sets the standard of measuring the proerties of different materials, including glass.

Annular:

A disk bead with a relatively large opening.

Apple Green:

Ideally means a clear pale green.

Applied Handles:

Pressed glass.
Prior to 1865, handles were attached as hot rods that were crimped on. In 1865 a special pressing technique was perfected for attaching handles.

Applied Stem:

See stuck stem.

Aquadag:

Graphite powder in a colloidal suspension that is used for mold release and to resurface tools for forming glass.

Arabesque:

Bakewell of Pittsburgh pattern of pressed glass having bands of dotted loops with an overall look as stippled and dotted keyholes.

Arbitration Mug:

Beer mugs having the figures of employers and labor shaking hands pressed into the handles.

A retortoli:

See lattimo.

Argus:

Bakewell of Pittsburgh produced this pressed glass pattern with big vertical thumb prints, like Ashburton, or big ovals.

Arrow Cane:

Also called Crow's-foot.
A section of millefiori created from rods having a three pronged arrow configuration.

Aryballos:

Greek
A globular shaped toiletry flask with side handles.

Asbestos:

A form of hydrated magnesium silicate the is fibrous and fireproof. Gloves made of it are resistant to extreme heat associated with glass working.

Ashburton:

An early glass pattern beginning in the mid 1830s, described with big curvate thumb print panels. The pattern was later called Colonial, and still is produced with modern techniques.

Aspirator:

A device for making a vacume, powered by attaching to a water faucet.

Atlantic Glass:

A little glass furnace in Crowleytown, N.J..

Atmosphere:

Condition of air in a kiln which can vary from oxidation (excess oxygen) to neutral to reduction (deficient of oxygen).
In lampworking it refers the conditions that exist in a torch flame.
An "oxidinzing" atmosphere is high in oxygen.
A "reducing" atmoshere is low in oxygen and often softer and cooler. A reducing atmoshpere can discolor glass.

Attachment Seal:

Also called a side arm seal.
A method of attaching a glass piece to the main body.

At the fire:

Reheating and reworking glass with additional blowing into larger or new shapes. Also, reheating glass at the glory hole.

Aventurine:

Italian for "by accident," also called goldstone.
A colored glass with gold flakes of the 15th century.
Also, in the 17th century crystals of copper provided a lustrous sheen, a method of super-saturating a batch of glass with copper and the copper crystallizes out.

Avoleo:

A piece of glass that connects one piece of glass to another. Often it is used in making goblets, connecting the bowl to the stem, or the stem to the foot.

Axis:

The line of center when rotating a glass rod.

Ayotte, Rick:

Know as the "bird man" of glass with regards to his paperweights.
Aotte worked as a scientific glassblowers in Nashua and started his own business in 1970, Ayotte's Artistry in Glass which made hollow glassware gifts and solid crystal. In 1978 Ayotte Weishts came onto the market.

reprinted by permission of bob snodgrass; http://www.snodgrass.net/

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This website is ran by www.blackdragonglass.com for the artist.

Glossary - Revision history

Mermonkey at 22:45, 19 December 2007

Mermonkey at 21:59, 19 December 2007

Mermonkey at 07:02, 19 December 2007